Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
JEL F14 Empirical Studies of Trade
JEL O24 Trade Policy • Factor Movement Policy • Foreign Exchange Policy
JEL L52 Industrial Policy • Sectoral Planning Methods
JEL H81 Governmental Loans • Loan Guarantees • Credits • Grants • Bailouts
In the context of the ongoing transformation of the microeconomic linkages, state support for export enterprises is an integral element of a successful foreign economic policy. However, the academic literature lacks a unified theoretical systematization of diverse measures and models, as well as criteria determining the choice of priority sectors for export support. The aim of this article is to develop a theoretical and methodological approach to the formation of a national export support system. This approach includes a multi-level classification of export support measures and the identification of a framework of system-forming criteria for sectoral selection applied in shaping various national models. The research employs a combination of theoretical analysis methods, including comparative analysis, systematization, and conceptual modeling. The empirical base consists of national export support models in Germany, China, the United States, and South Korea. A three-dimensional classification of export support measures is proposed, based on the object of support, type of assistance, and stage of the export cycle. Three groups of sectoral selection criteria are identified and systematized: strategic importance, economic efficiency, and socio-political significance. A conceptual model for forming an export support system is developed. It confirms that the choice of a specific support model (from insurance-based to subsidized) and priority sectors is a derivative combination of the country’s level of economic development, its geopolitical ambitions, and accumulated competitive advantages.The findings of the study form a theoretical basis for the comparative analysis of national export policies and strategic planning of foreign economic activity. The developed classification, framework of criteria, and conceptual model enable a shift from describing individual instruments to understanding the systemic logic of state export promotion. A limitation of the research is its focus on countries with developed and emerging market economies. Prospects for further research involve expanding the sample for comparative analysis, formalizing the identified relationships, and subjecting them to econometric verification.
state export support, classification of measures, conceptual model, sectoral selection criteria, comparative analysis, export policy, national champions, strategic priorities
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