Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Most of the proposals of economic changes used in modern reforms have support from theoretical recommendations, developed by the school of economic thought to which the authors of a particular development concept have adhered. A paradigm of these schools largely defines the tools used to analyse the economic reality and approaches to achieve scientific and practical objectives. The sustainable development goals established by the modern global community had led to the development of various methods of solving sustainability problems, arising from the perception of economic reality from the point of view of different economic schools. With the vast amount of diversity of approaches to economic development, the schools of economic thought can be approximately divided into schools, that believe in the dominant role of the state in solving the problems of sustainability, and the free-market proponents, who trust in the power of the market mechanism in achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this work is to study the methods of free market wing of schools of economic thought, used to analyse the sustainable development problems, the identification of general features and differences in the tools recommended achieving sustainable development goals. The study method comprises the works of J. Schumpeter followers, neoclassical school, as well as institutionalists. As a result of the analysis, we allocated the primary objectives of the economic policy for the achieving of sustainable development goals for each school; the school’s toolkit was analysed. This study revealed the primary objectives of sustainable development in the scope of analysis of the studied schools of economic thoughts, demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of approaches, showed the restrictions for the qualitative achievement of sustainable development goals by using certain economic school recipes. The results of this study can be applied to improve national and international policies to achieve sustainable development goals, developing the design of economic and legal institutions of national states, the evolution of integrated systems of environmentally friendly economic and social development of Russia, both at the national level and at the level of individual regions.
sustainable development goals; economic growth; green economy; economic schools; economic policies; neoclassical school; institutionalism; Schumpeterians.
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