Every year, the issue of implementing the principles of social justice becomes more and more relevant. In this regard, the concept of unconditional basic income is beginning to gain popularity in many countries, designed to solve many problems of a socio-economic nature. The purpose of the work is to identify the effectiveness of the introduction of an unconditional basic income in order to ensure the implementation of the principles of social justice. The main methods used in the study include analysis and evaluation of analytical and statistical materials, their comparison, a dialectical approach to analyzing the information base of the study, as well as scenario analysis. As a result of the work done by the authors, it was revealed that the existing projects for the introduction of universal transfers cannot be fully called equivalent analogues of a full-fledged program for the provision of unconditional basic income. As a result, at the moment it is not possible to draw specific conclusions about the consequences of implementing such a policy of «equality of results». Nevertheless, based on the analysis of such experiments, key factors influencing the real consequences of the introduction of universal transfers have been identified. These include the amount of unconditional payments, as well as the salary level formed in the context of the implementation of the concept under study. Therefore, further identification of the consequences of providing universal payments in the process of modeling possible scenarios for the introduction of unconditional basic income was based on these factors. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the introduction of an unconditional basic income can lead to many negative consequences. In this regard, the authors propose to pay attention to the possibility of implementing the principle of «equality of opportunities» for the entire population. The results of this study can be used in the future in order to find new ways to improve the socio-economic policy of the country to improve the well-being of its population.