Theoretical economics Theoretical economics Теоретическая экономика 2221-3260 82986 10.52957/2221-3260-2024-7-121-133 ТВОРЧЕСТВО МОЛОДЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ YOUNG RESEARCHERS ТВОРЧЕСТВО МОЛОДЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЕЙ The effect of cognitive distortions on human generosity in modified Dictator games Влияние когнитивных искажений на щедрость в модифицированных играх "Диктатор" Григорян Камилла Германовна Grigorian Kamilla Germanovna camillag207@yandex.ru Курило Стефания Даниловна Kurilo Stefaniya Danilovna kurilo03@mail.ru Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина Екатеринбург Россия Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Ekaterinburg Russian Federation Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина Екатеринбург Россия Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin Ekaterinburg Russian Federation 06 09 2024 06 09 2024 7 121 133 11 05 2024 19 07 2024 https://theoreticaleconomy.ru/en/nauka/article/82986/view

Исследование влияния социального давления на решения о пожертвованиях является важным аспектом для понимания процесса построения эффективной системы благотворительности. Целью данного исследования является изучение влияния когнитивных искажений на решения о пожертвованиях. Задачи исследования включают обзор литературы по теме, проведение лабораторного эксперимента игры «Диктатор» в трех вариациях (классической, агрессивной и с временной задержкой) и интерпретацию полученных результатов с возможностью их применения. Метод исследования состоит в проведении лабораторного эксперимента на основе трех версий игры «Диктатор» с использованием программы z-Tree. Выборка состоит из 18 студентов в возрасте 19-20 лет, чьи вознаграждения представляли собой баллы за академические курсы. Результаты показали увеличение пожертвований среди участников с обострением введенных когнитивных искажений по мере прогресса игры. Например, в классической версии игры «Диктатор» в среднем отдавал необеспеченной Жертве 7,6 токенов из возможных 20, так как решение зависело исключительно от желания Диктатора сделать пожертвование. В агрессивной версии Диктатору была предоставлена возможность изменить размер пожертвования от уже начального справедливого распределения пожертвований до 10 из 20 доступных токенов, что привело к увеличению среднего пожертвования до 8,6 токенов. В версии с временной задержкой Диктатор должен был объяснить выбранное распределение пожертвований в текстовом формате Жертве, что увеличило пожертвования в среднем до 10,9 токенов. Результаты исследования могут найти применение в благотворительности: более личное знакомство с нуждающимся может привести к увеличению размера и частоты пожертвований. Основным ограничением исследования является небольшой размер выборки, состоящей только из студентов, награжденных баллами за курсы. Будущие исследования должны использовать случайную выборку участников и денежное вознаграждение.

Investigation of the influence of social pressure on donation decisions is an essential aspect for understanding the process of building an effective charity system. The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of cognitive distortions on donation decisions. The objectives of the study are to review the literature on the subject, conduct a laboratory experiment of the game Dictator in three variations (the Classic, Bully and Time-Delay versions) and interpret the results obtained with the potential to apply it. The method consists of conducting a laboratory experiment based on the three versions of the Dictator game using the z-Tree program. The sample consists of 18 students aged 19-20 years old, whose rewards were academic course points. Findings demonstrated an increase in endowments among participants with an exacerbation of the introduced cognitive distortions as the game progressed. For example, in the Classic version of the game, Dictators gave an unendowed Victim on average 7.6 tokens out of a possible 20 tokens, as the decision depended solely on the Dictator's willingness to donate. In the Bully version, the Dictator was given the option to change the size of the donation from the already initial fair distribution of the endowment to 10 out of 20 available tokens, causing the average donation to rise to 8.6 tokens. In the Time-Delay version, the Dictator had to explain the chosen allocation of endowment in text format to the Victim, which increased donations to an average of 10.9 tokens. The results of the study may find application in charity: more personal familiarity with the needy person may lead to an increase in the size and frequency of donations. The main limitation of the study is the small sample size, consisting only of students awarded with course points. Future studies should utilize random sampling of participants and monetary reward.

 Игра в диктатора когнитивные искажения человеческая щедрость поведенческая экономика благотворительность z-дерево Dictator game cognitive distortions human generosity behavioral economics charity z-Tree

 

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