The relevance of the study stems from the fact that over the past two decades the situation with income inequality in Russia has not changed at all. Moreover, the external shocks of 2019-23 have only exacerbated this problem in our country. The analysis of the literature allowed us to identify a number of channels of transmission of monetary policy shocks on income inequality: the channel of unexpected inflation; the channel of new jobs; the channel of redistribution of savings; the channel of the share of cash in the structure of household assets; the channel of income heterogeneity; the channel of portfolio. The aim of the paper is to assess the relationship between the parameters of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia and a number of indicators characterizing income inequality in Russian society. In this paper, using the methods of economic and mathematical modeling, we verified a number of scientific hypotheses linking the parameters of monetary policy of the Bank of Russia and the indicators characterizing income inequality in the population. The results of the study showed that the parameters of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia influence the dynamics of income inequality in Russia. Thus, an increase in the key rate directly increases income inequality in Russia, and indirectly through an increase in unemployment.