Relevance of the chosen research topic. The construction industry, as a key economic sector, is influenced by numerous factors that determine its development, efficiency, and innovation. Theoretical and methodological analysis of these factors allows us to identify patterns, predict trends, and optimize processes in the industry. The purpose of this article is to systematize the main factors and challenges affecting the construction industry of the Russian Federation and to substantiate the classification of construction types and construction projects practiced in Russia and abroad. The research methodology is based on the application of empirical research methods (comparison, analysis), as well as theoretical research (systematization, generalization, analogy, synthesis). The results of the study include the disclosure of key factors and challenges (social, technological, economic, political, natural, and legal) affecting the construction industry in the Russian Federation. Specifically, it clarified that social factors include urbanization, human resources, and demographics; technological factors include the adoption of digital technologies and dependence on Western application software; and economic factors include the Central Bank of the Russian Federation's key interest rate, inflation, tax burden, exchange rate volatility, and others. Furthermore, the study systematizes the classification of construction types in Russia and other international regions (North America, Asia, and Europe). Conclusions. Thus, understanding the factors influencing the construction industry and classifying construction types are important theoretical and methodological foundations for effective construction resource management, project planning, and risk mitigation, ensuring the stable development of the construction sector and the industry as a whole.