The article examines military security, which is an integral part of national security and characterizes the state of the Russian Armed Forces and other law enforcement agencies. In the economic system, military security reflects the totality of military-economic relations, domestic and international living conditions that neutralize or exclude the possibility of violence against the State. It was noted that in recent years there has been a sharp change in priorities in the field of national security of the state. Transformations were carried out in the military sphere, related to the reduction of both personnel and military equipment. This required a qualitative transformation of the structure of the Armed Forces. The changed internal conditions of the state’s development further aggravated the situation with the economic support of the army and directly raised the issue of reforming the entire military economy as the basis of the country’s military security. It is concluded that the main reasons that qualitatively changed the tasks of military and economic support for the army were the change in ownership forms, the destruction of an integrated system of planned economic management and logistical support in connection with the transition to a market-based management system. The authors show that the creation of a military security system requires the diversion of economic resources and the formation of support structures for these purposes. Therefore, the most important element of the development of the economic system of the state is precisely military-economic relations related to the production, exchange and consumption of military products based on public finances. Military-economic relations form the basis of the state’s military security system as a set of political, military, economic, social, legal, informational and other elements that ensure reliable protection of the country. It is revealed that military security reflects the state of the state, in which it is able to repel the aggressive actions of the enemy side and defeat it in the event of a war in order to protect society. It is on a methodological basis, using an institutional approach, that problems are selected for their theoretical solution, taking into account the definition of hierarchy, subordination and interrelationship of these problems.