. In modern conditions, when Russia is under unprecedented external influence, including through the introduction of sanctions, it is important not only to offset the sharp increase in inflation, but also to find leverage for the country’s balanced economic development. In this regard, the investment aspect of the national economy requires the development of new or improvement of already established approaches to the financing of capital investments, the organization of their accounting and control in the face of modern challenges. In such conditions, great importance should be given to the development of not only various forms of partnership between the state and business (in particular, public-private partnership), but also its individual theoretical provisions. All this is exacerbated against the background of the mass exodus of foreign private companies, failures in the supply of components for certain areas of activity, or a shortage of certain goods. Here, attention should be paid to the cardinal transformation of our entire economy, which should lead to the technological sovereignty of Russia. That is, it is necessary to achieve not a simple replacement of an imported product with a Russian one, but to achieve breakthrough ideas in many sectors of the economy, which together will take us to a completely different level of development. In this regard, in this study, the author initiated an attempt to develop certain theoretical provisions of public-private partnerships within the framework of neo-industrial import substitution. In particular, the author proposes a theoretical concept of PPP, systematization of the abbreviations «PPP» used in various countries and organizations, as well as approaches to the essence of PPP, the introduction of definitions of neo-industrial import substitution, PPP-institute and a private partner (project stakeholder), as well as the addition of already established interpretations of «publicprivate partnership» and «public-private partnership project». The results of the study can be applied in the implementation of the concept of state policy in the field of neo-industrial import substitution using the mechanism of public-private partnership, both in the short and long term.